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XSS Vulnerability in Thymeleaf Templates

XSS attacks are possible through template injection. Attacker-controlled input executes JavaScript on victim's browser.

Improper escaping of user input in templates allows script execution.

Common Causes

  1. Using th:utext instead of th:text (unescaped)
  2. Raw HTML from database without sanitization
  3. User input directly in JavaScript context
  4. th:onclick, th:onhover with user data

How to Fix It

Always use th:text (escapes HTML). Use th:utext only for trusted content. Never put user input in script blocks or event handlers. Sanitize HTML with OWASP Java HTML Sanitizer. Use CSP (Content Security Policy) header. Test with OWASP ZAP.

Real developers can help you.

Omar Faruk Omar Faruk As a Product Engineer at Klasio, I contributed to end-to-end product development, focusing on scalability, performance, and user experience. My work spanned building and refining core features, developing dynamic website templates, integrating secure and reliable payment gateways, and optimizing the overall system architecture. I played a key role in creating a scalable and maintainable platform to support educators and learners globally. I'm enthusiastic about embracing new challenges and making meaningful contributions. Krishna Sai Kuncha Krishna Sai Kuncha Experienced Professional Full stack Developer with 8+ years of experience across react, python, js, ts, golang and react-native. Developed inhouse websearch tooling for AI before websearch was solved : ) Dor Yaloz Dor Yaloz SW engineer with 6+ years of experience, I worked with React/Node/Python did projects with React+Capacitor.js for ios Supabase expert Caio Rodrigues Caio Rodrigues I'm a full-stack developer focused on building practical and scalable web applications. My main experience is with **React, TypeScript, and modern frontend architectures**, where I prioritize clean code, component reusability, and maintainable project structures. I have strong experience working with **dynamic forms, state management (Redux / React Hook Form), and complex data-driven interfaces**. I enjoy solving real-world problems by turning ideas into reliable software that companies can actually use in their daily operations. Beyond coding, I care about **software quality and architecture**, following best practices for componentization, code organization, and performance optimization. I'm also comfortable working across the stack when needed, integrating APIs, handling business logic, and helping transform prototypes into production-ready systems. My goal is always to deliver solutions that are **simple, efficient, and genuinely useful for the people using them.** BurnHavoc BurnHavoc Been around fixing other peoples code for 20 years. Pratik Pratik SWE with 15+ years of experience building and maintaining web apps and extensive BE infrastructure MFox MFox Full-stack professional senior engineer (15+years). Extensive experience in software development, qa, and IP networking. rayush33 rayush33 JavaScript (React.js, React Native, Node.js) Developer with demonstrated industry experience of 4+ years, actively looking for opportunities to hone my skills as well as help small-scale business owners with solutions to technical problems zipking zipking I am a technologist and product builder dedicated to creating high-impact solutions at the intersection of AI and specialized markets. Currently, I am focused on PropScan (EstateGuard), an AI-driven SaaS platform tailored for the Japanese real estate industry, and exploring the potential of Archify. As an INFJ-T, I approach development with a "systems-thinking" mindset—balancing technical precision with a deep understanding of user needs. I particularly enjoy the challenge of architecting Vertical AI SaaS and optimizing Small Language Models (SLMs) to solve specific, real-world business problems. Whether I'm in a CTO-level leadership role or hands-on with the code, I thrive on building tools that turn complex data into actionable value. Mehdi Ben Haddou Mehdi Ben Haddou - Founder of Chessigma (1M+ users) & many small projects - ex Founding Engineer @Uplane (YC F25) - ex Software Engineer @Amazon and @Booking.com

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Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between th:text and th:utext?

th:text escapes HTML (safe), th:utext outputs raw HTML (unsafe for user input)

How do I sanitize user-provided HTML?

Use OWASP Java HTML Sanitizer library with whitelist approach

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