Bolt database

Database Query Timeout - Complex Queries Too Slow

Database queries timeout or take too long (>5 seconds). Complex queries with joins or aggregations are slow.

API endpoints that query database time out or users see loading spinners for too long.

Error Messages You Might See

Query execution timeout after 30 seconds Database connection timeout Slow query warning: exceeded 1 second Database lock timeout
Query execution timeout after 30 secondsDatabase connection timeoutSlow query warning: exceeded 1 secondDatabase lock timeout

Common Causes

  1. Missing database indexes on frequently queried columns
  2. N+1 queries - fetching parent then all children separately
  3. Fetching more data than needed (select * instead of specific columns)
  4. Complex joins without proper indexes
  5. Large result sets without pagination

How to Fix It

Add indexes: CREATE INDEX idx_user_email ON users(email)

Use eager loading: Prisma.findUnique({ include: { posts: true } }) instead of separate queries

Select specific fields: select { id: true, email: true } instead of full objects

Paginate large results: limit 100, offset (page-1)*100

Profile queries: explain analyze SELECT... in database

Cache frequently accessed data: use Redis for hot data

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if a query is slow?

Run EXPLAIN ANALYZE in database. Look for sequential scans (bad) vs index scans (good)

What's N+1 query problem?

Fetch 1 user (1 query), then fetch posts for each user (N queries). Use eager loading to do 2 queries total

Should I cache everything?

No, cache hot data. Use Redis for frequently accessed, slow-to-compute results. Set reasonable TTL

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