Bolt
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GraphQL Query Too Deep - Nested Query Recursion Attack
GraphQL queries with deep nesting cause timeouts or excessive server load. User can request deeply nested data causing exponential database queries.
Server becomes unresponsive to legitimate queries.
Error Messages You Might See
Query exceeds maximum depth
Query too complex - execution timeout
Maximum query cost exceeded
Recursion depth exceeded
Common Causes
- No query depth limit - unlimited nesting allowed
- No complexity calculation
- Circular references in schema allowing infinite recursion
- No timeout on query execution
- Database N+1 problem triggered by deep nesting
How to Fix It
Add depth limit: graphql-depth-limit middleware, max depth 7
Add complexity limit: estimate cost per field, reject if over budget
Break circular references: use aliases or limit nesting depth
Set query timeout: 10-30 seconds max execution time
Use data loader to prevent N+1 queries
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Get HelpFrequently Asked Questions
What's a reasonable query depth limit?
7-10 is good balance. Most legitimate queries are 3-5 levels deep
How do I implement depth limit?
Use graphql-depth-limit package: depthLimit(10) as middleware
What's query complexity?
Estimate cost: simple field = 1, list = 10. Reject queries exceeding total budget (e.g., 1000)