WebSocket Connection Fails - Real-time Features Not Working
WebSocket connections fail to establish. Real-time features don't work. Users don't receive live updates.
Connection hangs or connects then disconnects immediately.
Error Messages You Might See
Common Causes
- Server doesn't support WebSocket upgrades
- Proxy/firewall blocking WebSocket (wss protocol)
- Incorrect WebSocket URL (ws vs wss)
- CORS/origin headers missing for WebSocket
- WebSocket message parsing error
How to Fix It
Use wss:// (secure WebSocket) in production, ws:// for local dev
Verify server supports WebSocket: check framework docs (Next.js uses socket.io or similar)
Add origin check: allow your domain in WebSocket upgrade handler
Handle reconnection: exponential backoff when connection drops
Test locally: use browser DevTools Network tab to monitor WebSocket frames
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Get HelpFrequently Asked Questions
Should I use ws or wss?
Always wss (secure). ws only for local development
How do I implement reconnect?
On close, wait 1s then reconnect. If fails, wait 2s, 4s, etc. Max 5-10 retries
What's socket.io vs raw WebSocket?
socket.io adds features (rooms, acknowledgments, auto-reconnect). Use socket.io unless you need raw protocol